Ovid Technologies Field Guide

Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL)


Scope | General Information | Searching Fields | Stopwords | Limits
Changing to this Database From Another Database
Sample Documents | Copyright Information | Updated

Read about the CINAHL database's latest features in the 2003 CINAHL Reload News!

Scope

The Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health (CINAHL) database provides authoritative coverage of the literature related to nursing and allied health. Virtually all English-language publications are indexed along with the publications of the American Nurses Association and the National League for Nursing. Primary journals are indexed from the following allied health fields:

  • Cardiopulmonary Technology
  • Physical Therapy
  • Emergency Service
  • Physician Assistant
  • Health Education
  • Radiologic Technology
  • Medical/Laboratory
  • Technology Therapy
  • Medical Assistant
  • Social Service/Hlth Care
  • Medical Records
  • Surgical Technology
  • Occupational Therapy

Selected journals are also indexed in the areas of consumer health, biomedicine, and health sciences librarianship. In total, more than 1200 journals are regularly indexed; online abstracts are available for more than 800 of these titles. There are more than 7000 records with full text now included and 1200 records with images. The database also provides access to healthcare books, nursing dissertations, selected conference proceedings, standards of professional practice, educational software and audiovisual materials in nursing.

More than 10,000 CINAHL subject headings provide specific access to NAHL citations. Approximately 70 percent of CINAHL headings also appear in MEDLINE. CINAHL supplements these headings with 2,000+ terms designed specifically for nursing and allied health. All explodable headings have been pre-exploded by Ovid.


General Information

Producer
Cinahl Information Systems
1509 Wilson Terrace
Glendale, CA 91206
(800) 959-7167
(818) 409-8005
(818) 546-5679 (fax)
Website: http://www.cinahl.com
Email: support@cinahl.com
Years of Coverage
1982-present
Default Fields for Unqualified Searches
TI, SH, AB, IT
All Display/Print Fields
AN, PM, CN, AU, CA, ED, CO, IN, TI, ST, SO, AS, NL, LM, DD, CX, SH, NP, ID, IT, AB, DF, WB, LE, TX, RF, BY, CE, CM, OS, NT, RV, IM, SB, SP, IS, IB, PT, LG, PU,GI, TC, EW
Default Display/Print Fields
AN, CN, AU, CA, ED, CO, IN, TI, SO, NL, AS, SH, ID, AB, DF, WB, IT
Elements of the Source Field
JN, PG, DP, VO, IP, PB, AD, DV, JW, SL, DG, RB, SU, EN
Update Frequency
Online: Weekly
Local: Monthly

Searching the Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL) fields

The following alphabetical list provides the two-letter label, the relevant alias, and at least one example for each CINAHL field.
=====     ============
Name      Example
=====     ============
aa        All Authors [Phrase Indexed]
          smith g.aa.
The All Authors (AA) field has been added, and may be searched to find Authors
(AU), Contributors (CO), Named Persons (NP), Editors (ED) and Corporate Authors
(CA). 


ab        Abstract [Word Indexed] 
          endocarditis.ab. 
          escherichia coli.ab. 
Since January 1986, author abstracts have been included for certain journals
indexed in CINAHL. In 1995 CINAHL began writing original abstracts for some 
journal articles and all audiovisual and software records. A "[CINAHL Abstract]"
indicator will follow any original abstract. 

In records with a reference to another CINAHL record, the Accession Number to 
that record links to the cited reference. Only references to CINAHL documents
are linked, and not all records include a reference and link.

Stopwords, such as "the" and "of" are not searchable. 

 
an or ui  Accession Number [Phrase Indexed] 
          2002139404.an. 
          2002139404.ui. 
The Accession Number (AN) field contains a 10-digit number assigned by CINAHL to 
uniquely identify a particular record. Certain records also contain the 
eight-digit reference number that corresponds to the Medline system of unique
identifiers. 


as        Abbreviated Source [Display Only] 
          world ir nurs.as. 
          nurs manage.as. 
The Abbreviated Source (AS) field contains an abbreviation of the source field,
as well as a display of all the basic information needed to locate a citation,
including the Journal Name, Monograph or Software Publisher, Vol/Issue, 
pagination and year of publication. 

          
au        Author [Phrase Indexed] 
          barrett ca.au. 
The Author (AU) field contains personal author names. The format for authors
is last name followed by one or more initials: Smith JC or Smith J. 

Enter the last name, or if it is a common name, enter the last name and first
initial. If you are unsure of the spelling of the last name (macdonald or
mcdonald), enter one version and you will be able to scroll through the list of
names to find the other. 


by        Bibliography [Display Only]
The Bibliography (BY) field contains  additional bibliographic references cited
by the author. All cited references are included. This field is formatted like
Cited References and may contain a CINAHL accession number that indicates if 
the original article is indexed in the database. In addition, the Bibliography
field may be occur more than once to accommodate author(s), title, source, and
abstract. This field was added to selected publications in the CINAHL database 
in 2001. 

In records with a reference to another CINAHL record, the Accession Number to 
that record links to the cited reference. Only references to CINAHL documents
are linked, and not all records include a reference and link.


ca        Corporate Author [Phrase Indexed] 
          "centers for disease control and prevention".ca. 
The Corporate Author (CA) field contains the name(s) of the corporate author(s)
if the document was not authored by individuals. To search for a corporate
author, enter the most unique word or phrase in the name. 


ce        CE Module Information [Phrase Indexed]
          "2003000000za.pdf Fosphenytoin Sodium--CE Module".ce.
The CE Module Information (CE) field contains the title and number of the
Portable Document Format (PDF) file for a specific CINAHL Continuing Education
course. Modules provide Nursing and Allied Health professionals with a means
to fulfill individual continuing education requirements. 

  
cm        Commentary/Response [Word Indexed]
          women's health.cm.
The Commentary/Response (CM) field indicates whether a journal article 
commentary or a response to a commentary is available.

In records with a reference to another CINAHL record, the Accession Number to 
that record links to the cited reference. Only references to CINAHL documents
are linked, and not all records include a reference and link. 


cn        Special Fields Contained [Display Only]
The Special Fields Contained (CN) field lists the special text fields that are
used in any particular record. This will enable the searcher to see what 
particular records contain should they have certain fields not displayable at
all times. This field displays at all times. 


co        Contributor [Phrase Indexed]
          bailey mk.co.
          schaffner w.co. 
The Contributor (CO) field contains contributor names in the format of last
name followed by one or more initials. This field is indexed under authors, and
includes contributors, consultants, reviewers, or reporters who are not
principle authors.


cx        CINAHLexpress Document Delivery [Word Indexed]
          pedn2405.cx.
The CINAHLexpress Document Delivery (CX) field contains the URL for the location
of the full-text Portable Document Format (PDF) documents located at the CINAHL
website. There is a charge for these documents.


dd        Document Delivery [Display Only]
The Document Delivery (DD) field contains information indicating where the full
text of the document can be obtained. When available, this field will include
a UMI Order Number. The UMI Order Number can be used to order the document
from UMI (1-800-521-0600, x2786). 


df        Description [Word Indexed]
          abdominal.df. 
The Description (df) field contains detailed information on the particular 
research instrument or other document type. 

In records with a reference to another CINAHL record, the Accession Number to 
that record links to the cited reference. Only references to CINAHL documents
are linked, and not all records include a reference and link.


dg        Degree for Masters & Dissertations  [Word Indexed] 
          PhD.dg. 
The Degree for Masters & Dissertations (DG) field contains the degree of the
author of the publication. This field displays as part of the Source.


dp        Date of Publication [Display Only]
The Date of Publication (DP) field contains the month, year, and possibly day
that the journal was published. This field displays as part of the source
(SO) field.

du        Article URL [Word Indexed] 
          women's research.du. 
The Article URL (DU) field contains the website address which will link users
to the publisher’s website to locate individual articles. At the time of the 
2003 reload, this field is unpopulated, but records containing Article URLs
are expected before the next reload. 

dv        Division [Word Indexed] 
          research.dv. 
The Division (DV) field contains the name of the Publisher's division, if 
listed, for pamphlets and other published material. 


ed        Editor [Phrase Indexed]
          amin nm.ed.
          wyatt j.ed. 
The Editor (ED) field contains names of the editors of departments, columns,
series, and overalls, in the format of last name followed by one or more
initials. 


en        Edition or Revised Edition [Word Indexed]
          2 rev ed.en.
The Edition or Revised Edition (EN) field contains the edition or revised 
edition of a publication. This field displays as part of the Source.


ew        Entry Week [Phrase Indexed]
          "200012".ew
          20021025.ew
The Entry Week (EW) field contains a 6- or 8-digit date in which a document was
added to the CINAHL database. Prior to 2001, the Entry Week field has a 
6-digit date in the YYYYMM format. Beginning in 2001, the Entry Week field
consists of an 8-digit date in the YYYYMMWW format.

The Revised Date (RD) also displays as part of the Entry Week (EW) field.


fs        Floating Subheading [Phrase Indexed] 
          et.fs. 
Subheadings are qualifiers added to CINAHL subject headings to refine their 
meaning. Qualifiers such as "surgery" or "therapy," when combined with a subject
heading, give a very precise idea of what an article covers. 

The Floating Subheading (FS) field contains the 2-letter codes, such as "su" 
for surgery. The spelled out subheadings for any subject heading can be viewed
using the pull-down menu TOOLS/Subheadings. 


gi        Grant Information [Word Indexed] 
          ford foundation.gi. 
The Grant Information (GI) field contains funding information, including the 
institution(s) and grant number (if any). 


hw or me  Subject Heading Word [word Indexed]
          diazepam.hw. 
The Subject Heading Word (HW) contains every subject heading, allowing searches
for every subject heading including a search term. It can also be viewed using
the pull-down menu from Tools/Permuted Index. 


ib        ISBN [Phrase Indexed] 
          90-5199-362-5.ib. 
The ISBN (IB) field contains the International Standard Book Number (ISBN) for
the book which is cited. It appears as a 10-12 digit numerical string. 

          
id        Identifiers [Word Indexed] 
          implant-supported.id. 
The Identifiers (ID) field contains main heading subject terms being considered
for inclusion in the next CINAHL Subject Headings thesaurus. 


im        Image File Names [Phrase Indexed] 
          "2002075890.pdf".im. 
The Image File Names (IM) field contains the names of files of images associated
with a document. These files are in PDF format. 


in        Institution [Word Indexed] 
          tufts.in. 
          san francisco.in. 
The Institution (IN) field has been included in CINAHL since 1992. This field 
includes the primary author's affiliation and address for journal articles and
a producer address for software records. 

Certain abbreviations have been standardized in the Institution field, including
such terms as Hospital (HOSP), Medical and Medicine (MED), Administration (ADM),
Nursing (NURS), Division (DIV), and Associate or Association (ASSOC). 

          
ip        Issue/Part [Word Indexed] 
          "3".ip. 
The Issue/Part field (IP) contains the issue and/or part for a particular 
volume of a serial publication. The IP field is displayed as part of the 
Source (so) field. 


is        ISSN [Phrase Indexed] 
          0098-7484.is. 
The ISSN (IS) field contains the International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) for
the journal in which an article was published. It appears as an 8-digit number,
separated by a hyphen. 


it        Instrumentation [Word Indexed] 
          infant development.it. 
The Instrumentation (IT) field includes the names of instruments used in 
research studies indexed by CINAHL. Names of clinical assessment tools also 
appear in this field, but instrument names do not include subscales, revised 
versions, edition numbers, etc. 

To search for instrument names, enter the most unique word or phrase in the
name. 


jn        Journal Name [Phrase Indexed] 
          nursing times.jn. 
The Journal Name (JN) field contains the full name of the journal in which an
article was published. Journal names are indexed as phrases -- enter as many of
the letters in a journal name as are needed to distinguish it from other 
journals, such as "nursing ti" to search for Nursing Times. 

Stopwords such as "of" ARE included in the journal name index, but when "the" is
the first word of a journal, it has been removed. 


jw        Journal Word [Word Indexed] 
          obstetrics.jw. 
The Journal Word (JW) field contains individual words from every journal name 
in CINAHL. This field is used to retrieve every occurrence of a journal which
includes a particular word, such as "obstetrics." 

Stopwords such as "the" or "of" are not included. 

le        Legal Cases [Word Indexed] 
          roe v wade.le. 
The Legal Cases (LE) field contains the names of legal cases found in indexed
materials. 
          

lg        Language [Phrase Indexed] 
          fre.lg. 
The Language (LG) field contains the language of publication of an article. The
language name will appear in the index as a 3-letter code (such as fre for
French); the codes are usually, but not always, the first three letters of the
language name. Non-English materials were added to the CINAHL database beginning 
in 1994. 

The language index is quickly scrollable to determine all languages which appear
in CINAHL. 
          

mi        Miscellaneous Bibliographic Information [Word Indexed]
          videocassette.mi.
The Miscellaneous Bibliographic Information (MI) field contains additional
information about videocassettes, compact discs, etc. This field displays as
part of the Source.


ni        NLM Unique Identifier [Phrase Indexed] 
          21402658.ni. 
The NLM Unique Identifier (NI) field contains the Unique number assigned by the
National Library of Medicine to identify the document. This number can be used
to order the document from NLM's DOCLINE document delivery service. 

When available, the NLM Unique Identifier will display as part of the Accession
Number (AN) field. 


nl        NLM Serial ID Number [Phrase Indexed]
          9892323.nl.
The NLM Serial ID Number (NL) field contains the number assigned by the National
Library of Medicine to identify the journal in which the document was published.
This number, in conjunction with additional citation information, can be used to
order the document from NLM's DOCLINE document delivery service.
np Named Person [Phrase Indexed] nightingale f.np. The Named Person (NP) field contains biography names in the format of last name followed by one or more initials. nt Notes [Word Indexed] software.nt. The Notes (NT) field includes such information as publisher changes and instances when an article is in multiple journals. os Original Study [Word Indexed] HIV.os. The Original Study (OS) field contains references to the original studies cited by the author. All cited references are included. This field is formatted like Cited References and may contain a CINAHL accession number, as well as author(s), title, and source information. This field was added to selected publications in the CINAHL database in 2001. In records with a reference to another CINAHL record, the Accession Number to that record links to the cited reference. Only references to CINAHL documents are linked, and not all records include a reference and link. pb Publisher [Word Indexed] new york.pb. The Publisher (PB) field generally contains the publisher or producer but may include other items which represent the "source" of the information. For example, in legal case records, it is the name of the case, for websites it is the organization, etc. This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field). pg Pagination [Phrase Indexed] "99".pg. The first page on which an article appears is indexed in the Page (PG) field. Often a journal title combined with the beginning page number and volume is enough to locate a citation. pl Place of Publication [Phrase Indexed] westport ct.pl. The Place of Publication (PL) field contains the city and corresponding state, province or country where the material was published. This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field). pm PubMed Identifier [Phrase Indexed] "11682327".pm. The PubMed Identifier (PM) field indicates the PubMed number assigned to the record of the document. This field is available from 2002 onward. pt Publication Type [Phrase Indexed] bibliography.pt. In addition to indexing documents with CINAHL subject headings, the CINAHL indexers also assign terms to describe the article type. Publication Types include such classifications as case study, computer program, software, editorial, proceedings, etc. These terms appear in the Publication Type (PT) field. pu Publisher URL [Word Indexed] harcourt.pu. The Publisher URL (PU) field contains the URL address for the publisher. rb References [Word Indexed] "34".rb ref.rb. The References (RB) field contains the number of cites in the reference or bibliography list. This field displays as part of the Source. rd Revised Date [Phrase Indexed] "20021025".rd. When an existing record has been revised, the Revised Date (RD) field will contain the 6- or 8-digit date noting when the record was revised. Revisions to records added to the database prior to 2001 will have a 6-digit date in YYYYMM format. Revisions to records added to the database beginning in 2001 will have an 8-digit date in YYYYMMWW format. The new format includes the week the record was revised, in addition to the year and month. For example, a 1995 record revised in 2001 will have a 6-digit revision date; a 2001 record, once revised, would have an 8- digit revision date. Revised records will appear in the update immediately following the revision. When a Revised Date is available it will display as part of the Entry Week (EW) field. Revised Date is also a limit. rf Cited References [Word Indexed] protocol.rf. The Cited Reference (RF) field contains the bibliographic references cited by the author. All cited references are included. The Cited Reference field was added to selected publications in 1994. In records with a reference to another CINAHL record, the Accession Number to that record links to the cited reference. Only references to CINAHL documents are linked, and not all records include a reference and link. rv Reviews [Word Indexed] doody's rating service.rv. The Reviews (RV) field contains bibliographic information for reviews of a document. In records with a reference to another CINAHL record, the Accession Number to that record links to the cited reference. Only references to CINAHL documents are linked, and not all records include a reference and link. sb Journal Subset [Phrase Indexed] allied health journals.sb. z.sb. CINAHL includes twenty-five broad Journal Subset (SB) categories. Each category has a corresponding code to make searching convenient. The categories are: African Journals: f Allied Health Journals: a Alternative or Complementary Therapy Journals: v Asian Journals: s Australian & New Zealand Journals: z Biomedical Journals: b Blind Peer Reviewed Journals: bp Canadian Journals: d Computer and Information Science Journals: i Consumer Health Journals: h Core Nursing Journals: c Double Blind Peer Reviewed: dp Editorial Board Reviewed Journals: eb European Journals: r Expert Peer Reviewed Journals: xp Health Promotion and Education Journals: ed Health Services Administration Journals: m Mexican & Central or South American Journals: x Nursing Journals: n Online Journals: o Online / Print Journals: op Peer Reviewed Journals: p Public Health Journals: ph USA Journals: u UK & Ireland Journals: e sh or de Subject Heading [Phrase Indexed] practical nursing.sh. The CINAHL Subject Headings (SH) field contains the subject headings used by CINAHL indexers to describe the content of an article. 70% of the CINAHL headings are also NLM MeSH headings, and CINAHL supplements these terms with over 2,000 unique terms related to nursing and allied health. sl School Name for Masters & Dissertations [Phrase Indexed] university of alabama at birmingham.sl. The School Name for Masters & Dissertations (SL) field contains the name of the school from which the author was affiliated with when published. This field displays as part of the Source. so Source The Source (SO) field includes a display of all the basic information needed to locate a citation, including the Journal Name, Monograph or Software Publisher, Vol/Issue, pagination and year of publication. sp Special Interest Category [Phrase Indexed] critical care.sp. The Special Interest (SP) field contains 32 specific special interest current awareness categories: advanced nursing practice alternative therapies case management chiropractic care com critical care dental care emergency care evidence based practice gerontologic care home health care hospice palliative care informatics military uniformed services nursing administration nursing education nursing language classification nutrition obstetric care occupational therapy oncologic care pain and pain management pediatric care perioperative care physical therapy psychiatric/psychology public health quality assurance speech language pathology audiology social work sports medicine wound care su Supplement Title [Word Indexed] wound care.su. The Supplement Title (SU) field includes the specific title of the supplement or is indicated by suppl. This field displays as part of the Source. tc Table of Contents [Word Indexed] nursing home.tc. In order to provide comprehensive coverage of all nursing and allied health articles which contain information about topics such as new products, new drugs, or nursing practice issues, a new Table of Contents (TC) field has been added. Each Table of Contents entry contains the author(s), the title of the item, and pagination information. Entries will also include the CINAHL Accession Number if a full record for the item appears in CINAHL. In records with a reference to another CINAHL record, the Accession Number to that record links to the cited reference. Only references to CINAHL documents are linked, and not all records include a reference and link. ti Title [Word Indexed] bone marrow.ti. The Title (TI) field contains the title of an article, book, proceeding, dissertation or a software name. Some titles include a title clarification which is added by an indexer if the original title does not adequately describe the contents of the item. Stopwords such as "of" or "the" will display in documents but do not appear in the Title index. However, the word "a", which is a stopword in other fields CAN be searched in titles. tw Text Word placebos.tw. febrile seizure.tw. The Text Word (TW) field is an alias for all of the fields in a database which contain text words which are appropriate for a subject search. The Text Word field in CINAHL includes the Title (TI), Abstract (AB), Instrumentation (IT), and Identifiers (ID) fields. tx Full Text [Word Indexed] nursing.tx. Beginning in 1994, the full text of some documents is available in CINAHL in the Full Text (TX) field. Initially, the full text field primarily contained the standards of nursing practice, nurse practice acts, research instruments, and some state nursing journals. The full text index contains all searchable words from the text. In records with a reference to another CINAHL record, the Accession Number to that record links to the cited reference. Only references to CINAHL documents are linked, and not all records include a reference and link. Stopwords, such as "the" and "of" are not searchable. vo Volume [Word Indexed] "7".vo. The Volume (VO) field consists of the volume number of a serial publication. This field displays as part of the source (SO) field. wb Website [Word Indexed] medsearch.wb. The Website (WB) field lists websites mentioned in the article. A brief description of the site may also be present, for example, "www.cancer.org American Cancer Society." yr Year of Publication [Phrase Indexed] "2002".yr. The Year (YR) field contains the year in which an article or monograph was published. The full 4-digit year appears in the index.

The YR field is displayed as part of the Source.

Stopwords

Words of little intrinsic meaning that occur too frequently to be useful in searching text are known as stopwords. You cannot search for the following stopwords by themselves, but you can include them within phrases by placing the entire phrase within quotation marks.
a by having neither seem those
about can how no seen through
after could however nor several thus
again did if not should to
all do in obtain show under
almost does into obtained showed up
also done is of shown upon
although during it often shows use
always each its on significant used
among either itself only significantly using
an enough just or since various
and especially kg other so very
another etc km our some was
any followed largely out such we
approximately following like overall suggest were
are for made per than what
as found mainly perhaps that when
at from make possible the whereas
be further may previously their which
because give might quite theirs while
been given min rather them with
before giving mm really then within
being had most regarding there would
between hardly mostly resulted these  
both has must resulting they  
but have nearly same this  


Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL) Limits

The following limits are available from the Limit menu on the Main Search Screen. Popular Command and Sentence Syntax Limits:
Abstracts
Command Syntax:   ..l/ ab=y
Sentence Syntax:  limit 1 to abstracts

Age Groups
Sentence Syntax:  limit 1 to infant

English Language
Command Syntax:   ..l/1 en=y
Sentence Syntax:  limit 1 to english

Female
Sentence Syntax:  limit 1 to female

JOURNAL SUBSETS

Command Syntax:   ..l/ sb=a
Sentence Syntax:  limit 1 to allied health journals

Command Syntax:   ..l/ sb=b
Sentence Syntax:  limit 1 to biomedical journals

Command Syntax:   ../ sb=d
Sentence Syntax:  limit 1 to canadian journals

Command Syntax:   ..l/ sb=h
Sentence Syntax:  limit 1 to consumer health journals

Command Syntax:  ..l/ sb=c
Sentence Syntax:  limit 1 to core nursing journals

Command Syntax:  ..l/ sb=n
Sentence Syntax:  limit 1 to nursing journals

Command Syntax:   ..l/ sb=p
Sentence Syntax:  limit 1 to peer reviewed journals

Command Syntax:   ..l/ sb=u
Sentence Syntax:  limit 1 to us journals

Command Syntax:   ..l/ sb=e
Sentence Syntax:  limit 1 to uk journals

Command Syntax:   ..l/ sb=z
Sentence Syntax:  limit 1 to "australia or new zealand journals"

Latest Update
Command Syntax:   ..l/1 up=y
Sentence Syntax:  limit 1 to latest update

Male
Sentence Syntax:  limit 1 to male

Publication Type
Sentence Syntax:  limit 1 to case study

Publication Year
Command Syntax:   ..l/1 yr=2002
Sentence Syntax:  limit 1 to yr=2002

Review
Sentence Syntax:  limit 1 to review

Change to CINAHL from Another Database

Command Syntax:     ..c/nursing

Sentence Syntax:    use nursing

Sample CINAHL Documents

<1>
Accession Number
  2002157541.
Special Fields Contained
  Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references.
Authors
  McCabe BW. Baun MM. Speich D. Agrawal S.
Institution
  Associate Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center, College 
  of Nursing.
Title
  Resident dog in the Alzheimer's special care unit.
Source
  Western Journal of Nursing Research. 24(6):684-96, 2002 Oct. (27 ref) 
Abbreviated Source
  WEST J NURS RES. 24(6):684-96, 2002 Oct. (27 ref) 
NLM Serial ID Number
  7905435
Journal Subset
  Core Nursing Journals. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals.
Special Interest Category
  Gerontologic Care
Cinahl Subject Headings
  Aged
  Aged, 80 and Over
  *Alzheimer's Disease
  Analysis of Variance
  Behavior Rating Scales
  Behavior / ev [Evaluation]
  Chi Square Test
  Clinical Nursing Research
  Descriptive Statistics
  *Disruptive Behavior
  *Dogs
  Female
  Male
  Medical Records
  Midwestern United States
  *Pet Therapy
  Record Review
  Repeated Measures
  Skilled Nursing Facilities
  Time Factors
  Univariate Statistics
Instrumentation
  Nursing Home Behavior Problem Scale (NHBPS) (Ray et al).
Abstract
  Behavioral disturbances are a common feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  Prior studies have demonstrated a significant reduction in agitation 
  behaviors during short-term exposure to a dog on an Alzheimer's special care
  unit (SCU)for persons with AD. The purpose of this study was to determine
  the effect over time of a resident dog on problem behaviors of persons with
  AD in an SCU. A within-participants repeated-measures design was used for
  this study. The Nursing Home Behavior Problem Scale was used to document
  behaviors (on days and evenings) I week before and 4 weeks after placement of
  the dog. Participants on the day shift exhibited significantly fewer problem
  behaviors across the 4 weeks of the study (F[1, 80] = 7.69, p < .05). No
  significant change in behaviors occurred on the evening shift. The findings
  support the long-term therapeutic effects of dogs for persons residing in
  Alheimer's SCUs.
ISSN
  0193-9459
Publication Type
  Journal Article. Research. Tables/Charts.
Language
  English.
Entry Week
  20021122
Cited References
  Alzheimer's Association. Guidelines for dignity: Goals of specialized 
  Alzheimer/dementia care in residential settings. Chicago: Alzheimer's Disease
  and Related Disorders Association; 1992.
 
  Alzheimer's Association. Alzheimer's disease statistics: Fact sheet. Chicago: 
  Author; 1998.
  
  Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association of Eastern
  Massachusetts. How to evaluate an Alzheimer Special Care Unit. Retrieved 
  April 22, 1999, from http://www.intergens.com/evalalz.html. 1999.
  
  Batson K, McCabe BW, Baun MM, Wilson C. The effect of a therapy dog on
  socialization and physiological indicators of stress in persons diagnosed
  with Alzheimer's Disease. In CC Wilson, DC Turner (Eds), Companion animals
  in human health (pp 203-215). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 1998.

  Baun MM, Bergstrom N, Langston NF, Thoma L. Physiological effects of
  human/companion animal bonding. Nursing Research 1984; 33, 126-129.
  
  Churchill M, Safaoui J, McCabe BW, Baun MM. Using a therapy dog to alleviate 
  the agitation and desocialization of people with Alzheimer's Disease. Journal 
  of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 1999; 37, 16-22.
  
  Darrah JP. A pilot survey of animal-facilitated therapy in Southern
  California and South Dakota nursing homes. Occupational Therapy International
  1996; 3, 105-121.
  
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<2>
Accession Number
  2002031839.
Special Fields Contained
  Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references.
Authors
  Wang B. Cheng J. Han S.
Institution
  First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001 China.
Title
  Problems existed in scientific research designs of nursing articles and its 
  countermeasures [Chinese].
Source
  Chinese Nursing Research. 15(4):244-6, 2001 Aug. (3 ref) 
Abbreviated Source
  CHINESE NURS RES. 15(4):244-6, 2001 Aug. (3 ref) 
Journal Subset
  Asian Journals. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing
  Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals.
Cinahl Subject Headings
  *Nursing Literature
  Nursing Staff, Hospital
  *Research, Nursing
  Staff Development
  *Study Design
Abstract
  By analyzing 218 articles about nursing science, it showed that altogether
  156 articles had some problems in scientific research designs. Among which,
  118 articles with problems in researching objects accounted for 54.13%. 104
  articles with problems in dividing into groups accounted for 47.71%. 98
  articles with some problems in study methods accounted for 44.95%. And 82
  articles with problems in both results analysis and applying of statistics
  accounted for 37.61%. Suggested that one should strengthen the continuing
  education of nursing staff especially to enhance the scientific research
  training and to enhance their scientific research ability. This abstract
  was translated into English by the publisher or author.
ISSN
  1009-6493
Publication Type
  Journal Article.
Language
  Chinese.
Entry Week
  20020308 Revised: 20020830
Cited References
  3 non-English references excluded.

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Field guide revised 19 May 2003